Why do we like different tastes_

[00:00.11] What's your favourite flavour? Maybe you like your grub nice and spicy? 你最喜欢的味道是什么？也许你喜欢你的食物又香又辣？

[00:04.38] Perhaps you have a sweet tooth? Or are you partial to a salty, savoury snack?也许你爱吃甜食？还是您偏爱咸味可口的小吃？

[00:09.90] By now you're probably imagining something delicious, but take a moment to ponder this: why do some people adore certain flavours while others can't stand them? For example, oysters. 到现在为止，您可能正在想象一些美味的东西，但请花点时间思考一下：为什么有些人喜欢某些口味，而另一些人则无法忍受？例如，牡蛎。

[00:22.18] They turn my stomach, but some spend lavishly on the slippery shellfish.他们让我反胃，但有些人在滑溜溜的贝类上大手大脚。

[00:28.45] According to celebrity chef Heston Blumenthal, our taste preferences are strongly linked to our memories.根据名厨 Heston Blumenthal 的说法，我们的口味偏好与我们的记忆密切相关。

[00:35.72] Certain flavours might bring back the sounds and smells of a seaside holiday, or an ice-cream might trigger memories of enjoying a childhood treat. This "positive nostalgia" has a powerful effect on how we experience food.某些口味可能会带回海边度假的声音和气味，或者冰淇淋可能会引发享受童年时光的回忆。这种“积极的怀旧”对我们体验食物的方式产生了强大的影响。

[00:50.53] Likewise, our surroundings have an impact on culinary pleasure. The same glass of wine can taste different depending on the background music.同样，我们的环境也会影响烹饪乐趣。同一杯酒会因背景音乐而有所不同。

[00:59.57] Blumenthal believes playing loud music makes people eat more quickly, while classical music makes them spend more money on wine.布卢门撒尔认为，播放响亮的音乐可以让人们吃得更快，而古典音乐让他们在酒上花更多的钱。

[01:08.10] Alongside memory and ambience, our genetics also have a powerful impact on taste preferences. 除了记忆和环境，我们的基因对口味偏好也有很大的影响。

[01:14.87] Neuroscientist Charles Zucker from Columbia University believes all animals are "pre-wired" to prefer sweet tastes over sour.来自哥伦比亚大学的神经科学家查尔斯·扎克认为，所有动物都“预先决定”喜欢甜味而不是酸味。

[01:24.15] "There are no lions out in the wild drinking tonic water," he says.“野外没有狮子在喝汤力水，”他说。

[01:29.92] On a more individual level, our personal genetic inherited preferences are significant. 在更个人的层面上，我们个人的遗传偏好很重要。

[01:35.18] "And that is likely to greatly impact how much sugar I want to have in my coffee," says Dr Zucker. “这可能会极大地影响我想要在咖啡中加入多少糖，”祖克博士说。

[01:40.95] "It might be that I need six spoons of sugar to get the same level of satisfaction and reward that you get with only two."“可能我需要六勺糖才能获得与仅两勺糖相同的满足感和回报。”

[01:48.22] Coffee is also an interesting example of how our tastes change over time. Most children don't like the maltiness of beer or the bitterness of strong coffee.咖啡也是我们的口味如何随时间变化的一个有趣例子。大多数孩子不喜欢啤酒的麦芽味或浓咖啡的苦味。

[01:59.51] But many adults enjoy the social reward – the relaxing effects of alcohol or the stimulation gained by coffee.但许多成年人享受社会奖励——酒精的放松效果或咖啡带来的刺激。

[02:06.54] These are what we call acquired tastes – things we gradually learn to like - whether it's because our palates become more sophisticated, or because we crave the social effects of the foods.这些就是我们所说的后天口味——我们逐渐学会喜欢的东西——无论是因为我们的味觉变得更加复杂，还是因为我们渴望食物的社会影响。

[02:18.33] For me though, I'm yet to see the allure in oysters, whether social or epicurean!不过对我来说，我还没有看到牡蛎的魅力，无论是社交还是美食！